The ‘Glutamate Theory’ of the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia Essay

IntroductionThere is immense study on the role of glutamate in Schizophrenia. Even so to date the on-line(prenominal) antipsychotics do not control major glutamatergic action albeit a study at the NMDA receptor location such as the glycine transport inhibitors whitethorn give new novel evidence for the discovery of future antipsychotics (Olney et al., 1999)The Dopamine hypothesis of Schizophrenia The dopamine (DA) theory of insane disorder has subjugated the effort to unfreeze the behaviours Schizophrenia is a psychiatric bedlam relating to the messing up of routine thinking, sentiment and every day activities. Egan & Weinberger (1979) described schizophrenia as when a subject or an individual is unable to differentiate what is genuine and unreal. The clinical characteristics of the various disarray of schizophrenia commonly come into view in the late adolescence or the aboriginal adulthood. Schizophrenia can exhibit either positive or controvert or both signs. Whereas the pos itive sign is characterised by paranoia, false principles or hallucination, the negative aspect is marked by depression, withdrawal from communal connections. But pleasing of social responses shortfall in attention and memory are ascribed to cognitive effect. Generally, schizophrenia is considered to be neurodevelopment unrest rather than neurogenerative disorder (Harrison et al., 2003). There are several divisions in the brain that can be affected by schizophrenia. The atypical attend to of the basal ganglia is considered to play a role in paranoia and hallucination. The frontal lobe of the brain plays a role in problem solving and reasoning. Conversely a schizophrenic will have a deficiency in the lobe and as result, having difficulty in forecast and coordinating. Adjustment... ...ts. Neuroscience, 90(3), 823-32.Kim,J.S.,Kornhuber,H.H.,Schmid-Burgk,W.,Hlozmuller,B.(1980) Low cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in schizophrenic patients and a new hypothesis on schizophrenia. Neuoro cience Letters 20379-382 Kotter, H. (1994) Postsynaptic integration of gluamatergic and dopamine signals in the striatum. Progression in Neurobiology. 44163-196 Olney, J. W., Newcomer, J. W., & Farber, B. B. (1999). NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia. Journal of psychiatric Research. 33 523-533.Stanley, J. A., Williamson, P. C., Drost, D. J., Carr, T. J., Rylett, R. J., Malla, A., Thompson R. T. (1996). An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of schizophrenia patiens. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 22(4), 597-609.Weinberger, D.A (1993) Connection approach to the prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuropsychiatry. 5241-253

The Skills and Qualities Necessary Required to Establish and Maintain a

The Skills and Qualities Necessary Required to Establish and Maintain an Effective Working family relationship In this essay I have chosen to explore the skills and qualities required to establish and maintain an effective working relationship with my mentor in bore in the role of supervisee. I will discuss communication skills, willingness to learn, self-awargonness, assertiveness, open-mindedness, reflective skills as criteria of mentee to establish working relationship with mentor. The term mentor originates from Greek mythology, was premiere stack away in academic and business world of north America (Laurent 1998) used in United Kingdom with the implementation of project 2000 in the national health service (Bracken 1989) to help smooth transition from student to professional. (Philips et al 1996, Grey M and Smith1999). The dictionary defines a mentor as a trus ted guidance or head. A mentor is generally an influential, experienced individual with whom mentee establish a personal relationship and who actively helps mentee reach their goals. The terms mentorship are designated to staff nurses who engage in a multitude of roles supporting student nurses in the clinical setting. (Quinn2000). And reducing the theory practice gap (Earnsaw 1995). Mentorship is a chemical mechanism that promotes steady-going and effective practice, maintains standards and accountability, and develops nurse practitioners autonomy. Proctor (1998) has grouped supervisees skills under three functions formative, supportive and normative. Supervisee should be keen, capable, trustworthy, attentive, ... ...ellorAcyclical Model. 2nd Edition. London. Roultedge. Power S (1999) Nursing Supervision. A guide for clinical practice. London Sage. Proctor (1988) supervision a working alliance. London Alexia, Scanlon C, Weir W S (197) learning from practice? Mental health nurses perceptions and experiences of clinical supervision. diary of right nursing 26,295-303. Watson N. A., 1999. Mentoring today-the students views. An investigative case study of pre-registration nursing students experiences and perceptions of mentoring in one theory/practice module of the Common Foundation Programme on a Project 2000 course. Journal of Advanced Nursing 29, pp. 254-262. Wong S (1979) Nurse teacher behaviour in clinical fieldApparent effects on nursing students learning. Journal of advance learning, 3 ,369-378 The Skills and Qualities Necessary Required to Establish and Maintain aThe Skills and Qualities Necessary Required to Establish and Maintain an Effective Working Relationship In this essay I have chosen to explore the skills and qualities required to establish and maintain an effective working relat ionship with my mentor in practice in the role of supervisee. I will discuss communication skills, willingness to learn, self-awareness, assertiveness, open-mindedness, reflective skills as criteria of mentee to establish working relationship with mentor. The term mentor originates from Greek mythology, was first introduce in academic and business world of north America (Laurent 1998) used in United Kingdom with the implementation of project 2000 in the national health service (Bracken 1989) to help smooth transition from student to professional. (Philips et al 1996, Grey M and Smith1999). The dictionary defines a mentor as a trusted counselor or guide. A mentor is generally an influential, experienced individual with whom mentee establish a personal relationship and who actively helps mentee reach their goals. The terms mentorship are designated to staff nurses who engage in a multitude of roles supporting student nurses in the clinical setting. (Quinn 2000). And reducing the theory practice gap (Earnsaw 1995). Mentorship is a mechanism that promotes safe and effective practice, maintains standards and accountability, and develops nurse practitioners autonomy. Proctor (1998) has grouped supervisees skills under three functions formative, supportive and normative. Supervisee should be keen, capable, trustworthy, attentive, ... ...ellorAcyclical Model. 2nd Edition. London. Roultedge. Power S (1999) Nursing Supervision. A guide for clinical practice. London Sage. Proctor (1988) supervision a working alliance. London Alexia, Scanlon C, Weir W S (197) learning from practice? Mental health nurses perceptions and experiences of clinical supervision. Journal of advanced nursing 26,295-303. Watson N. A., 1999. Mentoring today-the students views. An investigative case study of pre-registration nursing students experiences and perceptions of mentoring in one theory/practice module of the Common Foundation P rogramme on a Project 2000 course. Journal of Advanced Nursing 29, pp. 254-262. Wong S (1979) Nurse teacher behaviour in clinical fieldApparent effects on nursing students learning. Journal of advance learning, 3 ,369-378

Boot Camps and Juvenile Crime Essay -- Juvenile Crime Boot Camps Incar

Boot Camps and Juvenile CrimeFive years ago, responding to an increase in serious juvenile crime, the state of doctor initiated one of the nations largest boot camp programs for teenage criminals. The program, called the Leadership Challenge, quickly became the model for other states. But go week, after reviewing a task force musical composition that documented instances of physical abuse at their camps, Maryland officials appe bed on the verge of conceding that the current initiative was a failure. Military-style plain may work as punishment at juvenile boot camps, but it has not been effective as rehabilitation. The Maryland experience, together with problems in other states, has already led some(a) states to close their boot camps and even to rethink how their penal laws treat young offenders. All in all, it is a remarkable turn of events for an idea that was once greeted as a breakthrough in the fight against juvenile crime There is increasing evidence that boot camps never w orked. A national study last year by the Koch Crime Institute, a public policy group in Topeka, Kan., showed that recidivism among boot camp attendees ranged from 64 percent to 75 percent, slightly higher(prenominal) than for youths sentenced to adult prison houses. Gerald Wells, a senior research associate at the Koch Institute, said of the report, The shocking parts are the allegations of abuse, but the more alarming parts are the failures. Research has also shown, according to Mr. Wells and other penal justice experts, that these camps were grounded in a false and unexamined assumption. People thought boot camps shaped up a lot of servicemen during three wars, Mr. Wells added. But just because you place someone in a highly structured environment with discipline, does not recall once they get home, and are out of that, they will be model citizens. Boot camps have their roots in the 1970s, with the advent of large, well-organized and extremely violent track gangs. In response to these groups, many states began to imprison more young people. By the 1990s, as the number of repeat juvenile offenders rose to record levels, it became clear that prison sentences were not working. In 1994, nearly 10,000 juveniles were charged with criminal offenses, an all-time high. More than 2,300 of them were charged with murder, compared with fewer than 1,000 in 1980, according to th... ...and they also need to learn respect, self-respect, discipline and a new way of conducting themselves in society, Ms. Townsend said. Facilities that provide structure and discipline can be run effectively and have a role in our fight after juvenile crime. Many experts disagree, citing the expense of running such programs properly. Its a budget issue, said Doris Mackenzie, a University of Maryland criminology professor. They are popular in the public, people feel we should treat these kids tough, and everyone can get onto the bandwagon, she said. But when it comes to this extra expense of doi ng the follow-up, we find, the money is not there. In any case, juvenile crime has been fall since 1994, after an overall drop in the nations juvenile population. This will make it highly unlikely, say political observers, that voters will agree to pay for individualized rehabilitation. frequently more likely, they say, is that the 27,000 young people who once went to boot camp each year will instead be sent to prison. As bad as boot camps have proved to be, Mr. Wells added, once you start incarcerating kids, you have lost. But unfortunately, that is where we seem headed.

Social Service Program :: essays research papers

OVERVIEWYPSS must develop a strategy to use the state-funded grant of $100,000. Three proposals for the use of these funds have been drafted. severally project is broken down by requirements, benefits, and cost. The information was gathered through research of community desires and evaluation of the feasibility of these desires. Programs of similar shelters were also examined to set up the skinny costs and benefits of each project. This report presents the details of the proposals along with looking at what the local community wishes to see implemented. The YPSS committee can use this report to determine which of these projects is in the best interests of YPSS and the youths that YPSS serves.CRISIS HOTLINE PROJECTYPSS has been considering this project for approximately 18 months. Until now, YPSS did not have the funding needed to implement such a project. The project costs a total of $78,000. Following is a breakdown of the total cost, along with the start-up costs ongoing fundin g exit be required.Salaries$36,000Training/Recruitment $ 8,000 practiced Services$14,000Miscellaneous$ 5,000Promotional Campaign$15,000Total$78,000The program involves the set-up of cardinal toll-free telephone lines in a currently vacant backroom office in our main office. Training of three new part-time employees would be necessary. These new employees would be responsible for recruiting and training volunteers from the local community to operate the crisis lines. The hotline will be open 24 hours a day, and would be used primarily by teenagers across the state. Any person in any crisis (i.e. potential runaways, abuse victims, and so forth) will have access to the hotline.Implementation of the project would take approximately 6 8 months. This time is what is needed for the project to get off the ground. This includes the hiring, training, recruitment of volunteers, etc. Any tangible results would most likely not be seen for 12 15 months, or longer.The project is a natural step beyond the two current runaway shelters and the addictions recovery program. These programs have been extremely successful thus far, and the hotline would add an additional side to YPSS that would benefit everyone.ADDITIONS TO RUNAWAY SHELTER 1This is a project that has been proposed by the counseling staff at youth shelter 1 (called Moore House) within the last three months. The project costs astir(predicate) $95,000. Following is a breakdown of the total cost. In addition, the only continuing costs would be maintaining the salary of the full-time night counselor. Salaries/Training$24,000Miscellaneous$ 3,000

The New Age Movement Essay -- essays research papers

The tender Age MovementAlthough the New Age movement is non technic solelyy a religion , eight to ninepercent of concourse that do not take in organized religion find the New Age astheir replacement. The New Age movement is very difficult to describealthough not impossible. It is a complex sociological phenomenon that can be perceive in many ways. Basically, what another person sees, the other may not.The New Age movement is best understood as a network of networks. A network isan informal, loosely knit organization which is very different in both structureand operation than other types of organizations. Networks are spontaneouslycreated by people to address problems and offer possibilities primarily outsideof established institutions. Networks tend to be decentralized, often having nosingle leader of headquarters and with power and responsibility widedistributed. Networks also see through many perspectives. The New Age movementis an extremely large and structured network of org anization and individualsthat are bound together by common values. These values are based on mysticismand monism which is the world view that "all is one".     The New Age movement is not a cult by any accepted sociologicaldefinition. Although there are several cults which could be classified within,such as the Transcendental surmisal and the followers of deported Indian guruBhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Cult membership is by far the exception and not therule for New Agers. New Agers tend to be eclectic which room that they drawwhat they think is the best from various sources. Exclusive devotion to asingle teacher, teaching or techniques is not long term. They move from one memory access to "wholeness" to another in their spiritual quest.(Miller. 1989. P.18)     New Agers consider spirituality much more a matter of experience thanbelief. Some New Agers do not believe that their beliefs are universal.Beliefs are often portrayed as d irect impediments to enlightenment. As I statedbefore, all New Agers believe that "all is one". A second assumption is thatthis Ultimate reality is neither dead matter nor unconscious energy. In otherwords, it is Being and Awareness. New Agers believe that man is separated by matinee idol only in his own conscious and awareness. Therefore he is the victim of afalse sens... ... In equation to the saviourian religion their difference lies inthe belief that all is one (god), therefore there could be no sin and no death.The death of Christ for our sins becomes meaningless. Although the New Agerswill agree that Jesus Christ is God, his world view will always compel him tosay that Jesus is no more God than anyone else. In the Christian religion,Jesus is separated from the rest of humanity in fact that he is demonstrated asdivine. In my opinion, I do not think that I could consider myself as equalwith God or Jesus, therefore I personally did not believe in some aspects ofthis re ligion. (Lewis. 1992, p.48)     In choosing this religion as my area of research, I never realized thecomplexity of the topic. Through extensive research I have developed a bleakunderstanding of this topic. There are some things that I strongly agree withwhile others need to be put to the test.WORK CITEDChandler, R. 1988. Understanding The New Age. rule book Publishing. DallasMiller, E. 1989. A Crash Course On The New Age Movement. Baker Book House.Michigan.Lewis, J. 1992. Perspectives On The New Age. State University of New York Press.Albany.

The New Age Movement Essay -- essays research papers

The New Age MovementAlthough the New Age movement is not technically a organized religion , eight to ninepercent of people that do not rely in organized religion find the New Age astheir replacement. The New Age movement is very diffi fury to describealthough not impossible. It is a complex sociological phenomenon that can beperceived in some ways. Basically, what another(prenominal) person sympathises, the other may not.The New Age movement is best understood as a network of networks. A network isan informal, in the main knit organization which is very different in both structureand operation than other types of organizations. Networks are spontaneouslycreated by people to address problems and bring home the bacon possibilities primarily outsideof established institutions. Networks tend to be decentralized, often having nosingle leader of headquarters and with power and responsibility widelydistributed. Networks also see through many perspectives. The New Age movementis an ext remely large and structured network of organization and individualsthat are bound together by plebeian values. These values are based on mysticismand monism which is the world view that "all is one".     The New Age movement is not a cult by any accepted sociologicaldefinition. Although there are several cults which could be classified within,such as the Transcendental Meditation and the followers of deported Indian guruBhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Cult membership is by far the exception and not therule for New Agers. New Agers tend to be eclectic which means that they drawwhat they esteem is the best from various sources. Exclusive devotion to asingle teacher, teaching or techniques is not long term. They move from oneapproach to "wholeness" to another in their spiritual quest.(Miller. 1989. P.18)     New Agers consider spirituality much more a matter of experience thanbelief. Some New Agers do not believe that their beliefs are universal.Beliefs are often portrayed as direct impediments to enlightenment. As I statedbefore, all New Agers believe that "all is one". A second assumption is thatthis Ultimate reality is neither dead matter nor unconscious energy. In otherwords, it is Being and Awareness. New Agers believe that man is stray byGod only in his own conscious and awareness. thitherfore he is the victim of afalse sens... ... In comparison to the Christian religion their difference lies inthe belief that all is one (god), therefore there could be no sin and no death.The death of Christ for our sins becomes meaningless. Although the New Agers pass on agree that Jesus Christ is God, his world view will always compel him tosay that Jesus is no more God than anyone else. In the Christian religion,Jesus is separated from the rest of humanity in fact that he is demonstrated asdivine. In my opinion, I do not think that I could consider myself as equalwith God or Jesus, therefore I personally did not believe in some aspects ofthis religion. (Lewis. 1992, p.48)     In choosing this religion as my area of research, I never realized thecomplexity of the topic. Through extensive research I have developed a keenunderstanding of this topic. There are some things that I strongly agree withwhile others need to be put to the test.WORK CITEDChandler, R. 1988. Understanding The New Age. Word Publishing. DallasMiller, E. 1989. A flash Course On The New Age Movement. Baker Book House.Michigan.Lewis, J. 1992. Perspectives On The New Age. State University of New York Press.Albany.

Inatimate Object Essay Essay

In my personal opinion, Mr. Rizzo would be a book because there are plenty of things that you discharge learn from him. For example you can learn spirit lessons, football, volleyball, and grappler skills, and math skills. Particularly I think the book he would be, would be a Boys handbook type. I say this because Mr. Rizzo is a coach of all boys sports, is a good teacher at the things he teaches, and is very smart. Rizzo is a pre-algebra teacher in the Brackman center field School. My eighth grade year having him as a math teacher helped me understand the concepts of algebra a lot better than I did.The way he teaches things he shows examples and works hand-in-hand with a student who may need the extra help (one reason why I believe hes such a neat teacher). Also, Mr. Rizzo showed my class a lot of tips, and tricks that can help you work through confusing algebraic equations. Im very happy that I was able to have Mr. Rizzo as my teacher because a lot of things he had taught me h elped carry through my first Algebra 1 course as a freshman. In this book that Mr. Rizzo may be as an inanimate object, someone could learn math skills, tips, or tricks, like what he verbally taught me in the classroom.Also, Mr. Rizzo is a great athletic coach. He coaches grappling hook and football at the middle school level, and varsity volleyball in the Barnegat High school. He had a scholarship for wrestling back in the day, but it was unfortunately taken away after he got into a fight in school and accidentally hit his wrestling coachs wife in the face as she tried break up the fight that he was in. As a wrestler I know everything I know from Mr. Rizzo. I entered the Brackman Middle School gym my sixth grade year knowing absolutely nothing about wrestling.From so on I just constantly learned move, after trick, after combination, and more from him. As a football player I was coached by Rizzo for plainly one season when I was in eighth grade. He was my defensive coach for me an d the rest of the linebackers. Not knowing much about the position because I used to play the defensive line in recent geezerhood, he taught me a lot of new ship canal to play, holes to hit, coverage zones, and more. Ive never contend on a volleyball team but what I hear firsthand from players of Rizzos, is that he is nothing but a good coach.Between talk of the town to Rizzo at wrestling, football, or in the classroom, my mind was always being blown by stories he had to tell about what has happened in his life, his family, what he had been through, and more. He agitated my mental capacity on the future and made me realize that if you dont work hard to succeed youll go nowhere in life. From stories of all the jobs he had worked to jump himself and his family, different jobs to do, places to end up in life really showed me that you need to work hard to have a good life.What Rizzo had taught to me over the three years Id see him on a regular basis, was that whatever you do, you have to put your mind to and give it your all. Also that nothing in life comes easy to you and that you have to work for things. What I learned from him I believe will have a very large and positive impact on my future. In conclusion, if Mr. Derrick Rizzo were to ever become an inanimate object I believe that he would be a book. This book would not be just a regular one, but something can help many people, with many things.It can definitely increase someones math smarts by a lot, by helping explain how to work through big problems, how to graph, simplify, and much more. You can learn a lot of tips and tricks in a lot of sports. Different ways to play defense in football, what holes to hit, who to cover, and what to do. In wrestling you can learn takedowns, pin combinations, escapes, and more and how to play and do things in volleyball. Also, it can really change the way that people may look at life and think about or approach things. It would not only help and positively benefit pe ople it will also show why Mr. Rizzo is such an interesting person.

Is Texting Language Really Appreciated? Essay

In Texting Why All the Fuss? By David quartz glass, a chapter from Txting The Gr8 Db8, he mentions, Texting is just another frame of language, which has arisen as a direct of a particular technology. In the excerpt Crystal chew outs about the drawbacks and benefits of texting. His main focus in the text is how texting has influenced grammar in teenagers. But, argon the teenagers really the only ones to blame in this situation? Is it the parents? Or maybe the teachers? Overall, everyone is at fault to the drawbacks, alone the teenagers are responsible for the evolution of communication. save because teenagers use abbreviations, or texting language does not make them illiterate, it is a type of language whose flexibility and convenience needs to be appreciated.Crystal claims how texting has arisen in the proficient world by showing how people use their phone frequently. The text mentions how Jan Van den Bulck, from Catholic University of Leuven says, Among 16-year olds, the inte rference was greater 20.8 percent were woken up at least once a week with their phones. Also the chapter stated, Half the employees said that they always respond immediately to a message. Texting problems have also carried oer into the remote world. Crystal stated, Most employees reporting that they checked work-related text messages and emails even when at home or on holiday.In the excerpt Crystal lists obvious benefits and drawbacks from the over-usage of cellphones and texting. He notes, I believe any ferment of writing exercise is good for you. David Crystal is saying, that even though cellphone users to use proper texting etiquette, any form of writing can only benefit you. Another study concluded that texting actually helps the development on communication skills such as the ability to iterate andexpress oneself concisely, quoted from David Crystal. Crystal also mentioned from the same study, Texting motivates people to sharpen their diplomatic skills, for, as with all writ ten activity, it allows more time to formulate thoughts and express them carefully. in that location are not only benefits from texting there are plenty of drawbacks involving distracting users, and health issues. Texting has caused issues with time management, loss of sleep, and addiction. As mentioned, before a significant amount of teenagers are being woken up in the middle of the night by their cellphones passing game off. Ironically, there is a medical term for a text messaging daub known as TMI.TMI is also an abbreviation for too very much information, which is commonly as texting dialect. In the text Crystal does mention, Every time I talk to groups of teachers and examiners, I ask them whether they have encountered anything remotely similar. None of them ever has. Crystal is referring to children and teenagers victimisation text language in their schoolwork and essays. Crystal reports, The concern over texting lingo has been greatly exaggerated he s that on average, les s than 10 percent of intelligence operations in text messages are abbreviated. Personally, I am not a huge texting person. Id rather have a face-to-face conversation but Im not going to sit here and say that I dont text. If its just a casual conversation, I dont mind texting but if it were an argument Id rather have it be in person. Yelling at someone is easier than to take my anger out the keyboard on my phone. My experiences with texting and using my cellphone somewhat relate to the point David Crystal was trying to make. I do form rarely woken up by texts, I text eon I am at work, but I do not use text language. Newer phones have autocorrect in their system, which means if you misspell a word the phone will fix the spelling error, as you are texting a message.Its quite relevant, and more people should turn that on, especially from seeing the statistics from David Crystals chapter. Ive been texting for about 10 years now, and it has not really changed my grammar if anything it has benefited it. When I was 10 I used text language and abbreviations, but that is because I didnt really know what proper grammar was at that point. I have been disrupted from my daily schedule with my phone going off from time to time. eyesight how I am nine hours away from home, and my dad lives in Germany. I do get a lot of texts and calls when I am busy in class, or doing homework. Honestly, I dont expect anything different were all ondifferent time schedules. Sleeping has not really been much a problem for me I do sleep with my phone in my get it on because it is my alarm clock in the morning. Keeping my phone in my bed has not been much of an issue for me. I make sure to keep my phone on silent so I dont get disrupted.Texting has not really made me feel safe. I have been in two different car accidents, and the driver has been texting while driving. I have perfectly no respect for anyone who chooses to text and drive its not just for your safety. I have absolutely no servi ce anywhere I go, so if something bad were to happen I more then likely wouldnt be able to call for help. Addiction to phones is possible Crystal mentions how, Priory clinics were reporting a sharp rise in technology addiction. I can proudly say, I am not addicted to my cell phone or texting its more of a luxury rather than a necessity. The issues with texting will constantly be an argument, no matter what age, or what profession is speaking their opinion.Crystal proves strange points, but there are ways to make an argument supporting the other side. I believe that David Crystals article was more informing than David Carrs, Keep Your Thumbs electrostatic When Im Talking To You. Crystal shows downfalls and benefits on both sides to the debate of texting, and provides specific statistics, and quotes from other sources. Texting is just another variety of language, which has arisen as a result of a particular technology, but it is a type of language whose flexibility and convenience n eeds to be appreciated.Work CitedCrystal, David. Texting Why All the Fuss? From Txting The Gr8 Db8. Oxford Oxford UP, 2008. Rpt. in Language Awareness. Paul Escholz, Alfred Rosa, and Virginia Clark, eds. Boston Bedford/ St. Martins, 2013. 359-73. Print.

Michigan

Despite the governors pretty language abot selection provides and efforts to create a partnership with Sweden for the development of choice fuel use in Michigan, the state is still nowhere near where it should be in name of use of pick fuels. The reasons ar simple and complex all at the same time. People dont want to buy vehicles which use pick fuels if they cant buy that fuel at the local store and local stores dont want to carry a product that no one is buying. On a website for Ford Truck enthusiasts, one consumer said he would love to have a biodiesel truck or a wind fuel Ford Ranger, but even with the incentives the state has adopted to promote the use of these fuels, they are non generally available at the corner store.In addition, Michigans incentives, such as a 12 cents per gallon sales tax credit on some alternative fuels, do not account for market fluctuations that are inherent in a system that relies on only ethanol and oil fuels. In the worst conditions, extreme ve rsions of the spend of 2007, a drought in major corn-producing states could raise the price of ethanol and OPEC production games can increase the price of gasoline.Because biodiesel and other alternative fuels are not easily used in most vehicles, consumers are still caught in a Catch-22. Switching to one alternative fuel does not make it pronto available. With diversification as the car manufacturers look for more efficient ways to propel their vehicles and save the environment, consumers cannot be assured that their alternative fuel vehicle of like a shot is not going to be an obsolete paperweight with no fuel available in just a few years.The sad thing is that for all the attacks on the automotive industry, Michigan and automakers are trying to come up with a solution for the environment and for business. Unfortunately, the businesses and researchers cant agree on what the best alternative fuel source is. Ethanol relies of the growing season, propane is still a fossil fuel and methane is difficult to transport safely. Biodiesel, a form of heavy vegetable oil, also requires good crops. With shifting weather patterns across the globe, manufacturers are loathe to rely on a system which necessitates a good growing season. Furthermore, many activists are now arguing that the farmland used to create corn and soy beans for use in alternative fuels further contributes to the global warming problem by destroying farmland.In short, Michigan is trying to address the alternative fuel needs of the state and the country, but until the technology and production capability meet, consumers are less promising to buy into the alternative fuel option than officials would like. Hybrids are popular, but largely unproven in terms of long-term mechanical durability and alternative fuel cars just arent attractive for mass consumption. Until Michigan can do something about the supply chain for alternative fuels and the reliability of cars built to use them, the alternative fuels effort in Michigan will be strong, but not terribly effective.

Design House Partnership

I cant believe how much we have changed in a relatively short time. From being an inward-looking manufacturer,we became a customer-focused invent and stumbleoperation. Now we are an integrated service provider. Most of our modernistic business comes from the partnerships we have formed with design houses. In effect, we design harvest-homes jointly with specialist design houses that have a well-known brand, and offer them a complete service of manufacturing and distribution.In many ways we are now a business-to-business company earlier than abusiness-to consumer company. (Jim Thompson, CEO, conception Design Services (CDS)) CDS had become one of Europes most economic homeware businesses. Originally founded in the 1960s, the company had moved from making industrial mouldings, mainly in the aerospace sector, and some cheap homeware items such as buckets and dust pans, sold under the Focus brand name, to making very high-quality (expensive) stylish homewares with a high design val ue.The move into Concept products, The move into higher-margin homeware had been masterminded by Linda Fleet, CDSs Marketing Director, who had previously worked for a large retail chain of cay and wallpaper retailers. Experience in the decorative products industry had taught me the importance of fashion and product development, even in mundane products such as paint. Premium-priced colours and new textures would become popular for one or two years, supported by appropriate promotion and features in lifestyle magazines.The manufacturers and retailers who created and supported these products were dramatically more profitable than those who simply provided standard range of mountainss. Instinctively, I felt that this must also apply to homeware. We decided to develop a whole coordinated range of such items, and to bluff up a new distribution network for them to serve upmarket stores, kitchen equipment and speciality retailers. Within a year of launching our first new range of kitche n homeware under the Concept brand name, we had over 3000 retail outlets signed up, provided with point-of-sale display facilities.Press coverage generated an enormous interest which was reinforced by the product placement on several TV cookery and lifestyle programmes. We soon developed an entirely new market and within two years Concept products were providing over 75 per cent of our revenue and 90 per cent of our profits. The price realization of Concept products is many times higher than for the Focus range. To keep leading we launched new ranges at regular intervals.

Review of related literature about jollibee Essay

INTRODUCTIONBACKGROUND OF THE STUDYThe original owner Tony Tan and his family unresolved a Magnolia Ice Cream parlor in Cubao, Quezon city in 1975.In 1978, he and his siblings engaged the services of a management consultant, Manuel C. Lumba, who shifted the business focus from ice thrash about to hot dogs after his studies showed a much larger market waiting to be served. Lumba was Tans last business and management mentor. Throughout its tercet decade history, Jollibee became a success enjoying rapid growth. The chain opened successful milestone stores in the following years Its 100th branch in Davao on 1991 The same month, Jollibee signed a deal to acquire 55 percent of Chinas Guangxi San Ping Wang Food and Beverage Management Co. Ltd., operators of the San Pin Wang complain noodle business for 30 one million million RMB. On October 2011, Jollibee acquired a 54% stake in BK Titans, Inc., the sole franchisee of Burger King in the Philippines. In 2011, Jollibee opened 260 new sto res, of which 167 were in the Philippines led by Mang Inasal (86) and Jollibee (40). This brought the companys total number of stores to 2,001 as of end December 2011.The same year, Jollibee closed Manong Pepe foodchain in respect of Mang Inasal, and sold Dlifrance to CafFrance. Overseas, Jollibee opened 93 stores, led by Yonghe King in China (70) and Jollibee Vietnam (11). In 2013, Jollibee opened its first store in Virginia Beach, Virginia as well as in Houston, Texas. The restaurant plans to combust to Toronto in Canada, Malaysia and Indonesia. They also plan to expand throughout the Southern United States such as Atlanta, HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte o Charlotte Charlotte,Dallas and Chicago. Currently, aside from its flagship brand Jollibee, the groups other brands are Chowking, Greenwich, Red Ribbon, Mang Inasal, Burger King, Yonghe King (China) and Hong Zhuang Yuan (China).Jollibee is an American-style fast food restaurant with Filipino-influenceddishes sp ecializing in burgers, spaghetti, chicken and more or less local Filipino dishes. In the Philippines, Jollibee serves Coca-Cola products for its beverages in overseas markets, the chain serves Pepsi products. Jollibee started with five branches in 1978 and has grown to a strong network of a total of 801 stores in the country, and 96 stores internationally. In total, Jollibee has 896 stores worldwide as of November 2013. It is the largest fast food chain in the country with international locations in Brunei, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Kuwait, Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Vietnam, the United States, and Canada. JFC is planning to expand Jollibee to other markets like Europe. Jollibee Chicken Joy Potential (Total Market) in last 25 years, Chicken Joy has evolved from just plain chicken product to a strong and well-loved brand in the QSR (quick service restaurant) industry.It reached the level of having an established emotional affinity among Filipinos given its constancy as a functional product and the inheritance that it continuously imparts in every household. Primary Target Moms and dads with kids (0-12 years old), across socio-eco classes, chicken eaters positioning a uniquely delicious total sensory flummox enjoyed by the whole family Crispylicious, juicylicious, amoy delicious, and gravylicious, satisfies not only your familys craving for a delicious chicken meal but also your familys needfully for bonding moments. Also, Jollibee, the countrys leading fast-food chain, was cited as one of the top 10 international fast-food restaurants in the United States. US-based food and drink website The Daily meal listed Jollibee as among the favorite foreign food chains in the country.The website described Jollibee as hugely popular in the Philippines, and has locations scattered around the US, largely in California. Aside from burgers, they offer fried chicken, spaghetti, noodles, and unique breakfast dishes like Spam, beef tenders, or sweet pork with rice . The Daily Meal draws over eight million unique visitors per month and ranks as one of the fastest-growing content sites of all time. The food and drink website also produces annual reports, including the 50 Most Powerful People in Food, 101 Best Restaurants in America and 150 Best Bars in America.

American Progress

John Gasts scene, American Progress, illustrates more an(prenominal) depictions of the early movement and development of the coupled States. This particular icon defines singularity and character throughout. Looking at it geographically the angel portrayed in the middle is floating westward as though she is exemplifying the Westward Expansion. She has the jumper line of credit of Empire imprinted on her forehead, which better portrays the idea of her laborious to move westward.This painting is a great description of our countrys economical progress and expansion. Gast artistically explains the present day United States as nice ci liaisons along rivers with big buildings and churches along the correct edge of this painting. This scene is also shown as being golden and awakening because of the bright sun rays being shown down upon it. The city is supposed to represent a growing city along the mighty Mississippi River. You argon able to see the evolution of transportation thr ough boats and railroads.The three main intercontinental rail routes are shown departing from this city, and the beautiful angel in the middle is carrying the telegraph cable which eventually linked the nation together. She is also carrying with her some type school book, which to me represents intellectual ideas being beam throughout the country. In the background lav her lies legion(predicate) rolling hills and plush green grass. There is not many trees in this portrait, unless the snow capped mountains on the left and the great plains on the right depict a great deal of land diversity from sloping trough to coast.There are also many cattle, Indians, state of nature horses, bears, and other wild plot of land trying to flee her approach towards the west and eventually into the storms and waves of the Pacific coast. Although she seems very divine in appearance some may take her intentions as revolting. Her primordial idea seems as though she is trying to crack the economica l progress throughout the entire United States. Emotionally this is a very strong painting because of its detail and significance. When I first looked at this painting it made me think of Manifest Destiny.The angel in the middle attempting to emigrate westward defines the meaning of diaphanous destiny. Many thought it was paragons belief that the United States would expand from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. I also felt another tie to my previous assumption when I noticed the star on her forehead. I felt it had great importance so I began to acknowledge her surroundings and I realized it was the Star of Empire, which signifies westward movement as well. The star is a bright golden color, almost identical to rays of light being subject upon unused land.She is wearing a long, swaying white robe which is also significant because the color white signifies freedom. Her bright golden, blonde hair also signifies the presence of God to me. Her presence in this painting is not just for beauty but for great importance. I have always felt strongly about the spread of equality throughout our nation, and to me it seems as though she is trying to spread the superior life-style across the United States. The book in her arm represents that she is trying to spread intelligence and the t for each oneing of literacy.It was very rare in the past for many people to be able to both read and write, and with the spread of civilization trying to take place it is very important that she also spread the gift of teaching. I also believe that she is trying to spread the connection of communication throughout the country by carrying the telegraph cord in her other hand. This became a very important facet of our country, because many of the connections and deals made over time would not have been made possible without communication.When I looked more towards the left side of the painting I noticed it was very dark and gloomy. Coincidently that happened to be the way everyone w as fleeing, which in my mind represents everyone trying to escape freedom and return to normalcy among themselves. These men, women, and animals look as though they are afraid of the angel hovering over them, but ideally they are trying to escape normal civilization. This painting portrays many different themes and central ideas depending on which way it is observed.I feel from my point of take care that I was able to interpret that the theme is based on wretched forward in society. As seen on the right side of this portrait, the eastern United States progressed sooner than the west, and many frontiersmen are afraid of this new lifestyle. It seems as though the angel is trying to help everyone move forward and develop a new way of living and become more acquainted with this innovative way of living. No one copes very well with change, and like-wise neither did the Indians, farmers, and all of the other wild animals.These individuals had to manage survival with whatever nature skil ls they had. The mountainous region on the left side of the painting is covered with dark, rainy clouds and white snow caps. This symbolizes tart climates and bad conditions for any type of living. Some of the animals may not be used to the western climates and may not be able to adapt right away enough before facing the edge of extinction. The angel present in the center of the painting is able to help spread this central idea of moving on by her presence and what she brings with her.The coloration of her long, curly hair exemplifies traits from Jesus Christ. Her intentions are as His would be, and that is to create happiness and equality throughout. The gleaming star on her forehead also ties into the main theme through the concept of Manifest Destiny. I believe the star has the most significance of any object in the painting when referring to the main theme. The principle of the star represents the same significance as the main theme people are trying to move forward in society .This entire painting depicts the importance of this exploration to the western United States. Everything is explained in perfect artistic form from the bright, sunshiny city on the right to the dark, gloomy coast on the left. The depiction of the angel in the middle is obviously the most important characteristic of this painting, but she also brings a lot of debate for whether or not she is subsiding good or bad influence on our country. There are many details and translations that can be looked at from many different angles depending on the persons train of thought.I have explained in every detail the way I feel about this painting and the way I sensed each direction of the artists feelings. John Gast has a great connotation of each perception in his painting, and uses many features to depict different portions of his famous artwork. Many great Americans can agree with the central concept of this painting and will be able to grasp the implications behind each item portrayed in the painting. I personally feel that this painting is well thought out and had great meaning behind each aspect.

The Patriot Film Analysis

The patriot Film Analysis The Patriot is an American historical film starring Mel Gibson and directed by Roland Emmerich. It is heap in southeastward Carolina, one of the thirteen British colonies set in America. The film follows the story of a Patriot named Benjamin Martin. This persona is a personation of American Revolution War hero Francis Marion. In the film Benjamin, is recognized as a war hero from the French and Indian War. However he has retired from a life of battle and is attempting to follow the virtues of pacifism, until his family becomes the target of war.After the death of Benjamins son and capture of another, he is thrown back into the life he thought he has left behind. The rest of the film personates the drama and action that leads up to the climactic battle depiction of Battle of Cowpens and the victory of second Carolina in the Siege of Yorktown. Although the story of Benjamin is compelling and inspirational, it is based off of inaccurate historical assump tions. The American Revolution portrayed in The Patriot was more about the war America wanted it be rather than what it was.The film glorifies American victories as well as American war heroes, while picture the redcoats as sadistic, brutal, and abominable creatures. A perfect employment of such(prenominal) bias is the films antagonist, Colonel William Tavington, who is a fictional re proveation of General Sir Banastre Tarleton. The film uses misconception and inaccuracy to portray the victory of America over the British, as a representation of a sanctified glory of angels over demons.The film starts with simple inaccuracies that can be excused, withal these simple inaccuracies domino into great blunders that cannot be ignored Some minor mistakes made by the film involve errors such as the materials used during the clipping period, do not actu eachy belong to that time. For example in several action sequences of the film, weapons such as exploding projectiles or bombs are prese nted. Although canons were invented in this time period, no(prenominal) of the projectiles ever exploded (Canon link).Another flaw involves a major societal misunderstanding, when Benjamin goes to war, he put ups his children to a hard worker colony for shelter, for which the slaves are honoured. In the Colonial Era, slave colonies, like the ones portrayed in the film, were secluded and protective from the White colonists. Therefore it was highly unlikely that a character such as Benjamin would send his children to a slave colony, let alone being treated kindly for doing so. One of the major inaccuracies is the slave and owner relationship portrayed by the film.For example during the colonists stand against the British Army the Continental Congress states an order. For any slave that serves 12 months in the Colonial Army, will gain freedom and 5 schillings per month served. When comparing this claim with other sources, it was discovered that no such claims were extended by the C ontinental Congress. Infact, The Patriot ignores slavery in total. Director Spike lee(prenominal) was one of the many critics that were disappointed with the films inaccuracies. For three hours The Patriot dodged around, skirted about or completely ignored slavery, he wrote in a letter to The Hollywood Reporter. The Patriot is pure, blatant American Hollywood propaganda. A complete whitewashing of history. (http//www. guardian. co. uk/film/2000/jul/06/news. spikelee) The director of the film, Roland Emmerich, misguides his audience into thinking that the British troops are monsters sent from hell. The film portrays the character of William Tavington as a merciless villain who commits intolerable atrocities. For example, a scene in the film depicts the redcoats gathering the entire village including women, children and unarmed men.They force all of them into a church for an interrogation about Benjamin, after which they lock the church from the outside and set the building on fire. Looking back into the American Revolution, such atrocities were never committed. Although the Sir Banastre Tarleton, portrayed by, William Tavington, is no saint, he wasnt as evil as the film potrays him. A film critic and a historian, Stephen Hunter, told the Telegraph (magazine) that some(prenominal) image of the American Revolution which represents you Brits as Nazis and us as gentle folk is almost certainly wrong (Cite this).The German director relates the actions committed by the Nazis in World War II, to those of British in the film. Another major flaw of the film is the protagonist, Benjamin Martin. The celluloid depicts Benjamin as symbol of goodness, a beacon of hope and a human vessel for an angel. However the character Benjamin Martin tries to portray Francis Swamp Fox Marion, a militia leader during the Revolution, from South Carolina. According to The Guardian, there were records of Marion persecuting and killing many Cherokee Indians.He hunted them as a source of e ntertainment and he raped many of his female slaves. However the movie simply depicts Benjamin Martin as the untainted hero. Finally the movies greatest flaw lies in its climatic battle, Battle of Cowpens. Where the tactics used by the militia were similar to that of the movie, however the results were nowhere in comparison of reality. During the Battle of Cowpens, militia was asked to play decoy. Although the film portrays General Nathanael Greene giving the orders, he was never present at this battle.The militia charged the battle, and after firing two shots retreated back to the hill, where the British troops were overwhelmed by the American Army. However the film portrays the militia firing more than two rounds before retrieval. Lieutenant-General Charles, Lord Cornwallis, commands his men to fire at the crowd of both British and American soldiers as a hold water resort to defeat America. However in reality Cornwallis never took such actions against his soldiers By Ratna Emani

He Loved Light, Freedom and Animals and Pneuomconiosis Essay

Both poems are or so death and the acceptance of death although are written from different perspectives and are different for the fact that in He sexual love light, freedom and animals by Mike Jenkins the young boys death was so singler a shock, but it could permit been prevented whereas in Pneumoconiosis written by Dun gouge Bush the pieces death is inevitable, in that location is nothing he back end do to change it. Both poems also have tie-in with coalmines. Pneumoconiosis is a disorder caught from working guttle in the mines, and the background of He loved light, freedom and animals is ab show up a digging disaster that happened in Aberfan where a convert heap on the side of a mountain collapsed and engulfed split of the small town.The first poem I studied was Pneumoconiosis, and as the title suggests, the poem is just about the violent death lung disease that servicemany coalminers suffered and died from. Pneumoconiosis was renames The Dust by the sufferers be sh ell it was mainly caused by inhalation of a tidy sum of dust. The dust would get trapped in the lungs and made breathing difficult, and eventually killed after many years of effecting colliers lives.Dun sight Bush wrote in the form of an old retired coalminer who is slowly dying from the disease. The elderly man is now aroma the effects of the disease to a greater extent than ever. He shows his feelings towards the disease and reflects to his past. The poor man worked down in the mines for thirty years without realising the fatality of his coughinging and breathing difficulties but now he begins to pull in the truth, hes now walking at a much slower pace and can not talk as fast and fluent.The constant repetition of the depict I try not to call about it gives us the impression that in the back of his mind he cannot help the feeling of ominous foreboding that his breeding will soon be coming to an end. He is worried about when his death will come but doesnt want the remainder of his life to be a misery.The opening derivation, This is the Dust is an introduction to the illness, it simply tells us what the whole poem and the title is about. The second origin then describes it as Black diamond dust. It is a good way of describing the dust from the coal, as coal is similar to diamond in many ways. They are both valuable, and a fair come up of coal sparkles, as diamonds do.We understand that the man came from the South Wales valleys the poet shows this by adding boy at the end of the line and uses informal English to punctuate his accent which symbolizes the location of the industry. It is a per tidingsal poem, Darren Bush is writing in the first per give-and-take as though he is the old man telling his story I had thirty years in it. This is affective because we can relate with his character better by judgment what he is going through and feeling.The man was happy in his work back in the twenty-four hour period he didnt have the slightest idea that uni tary day working there would lead him to his death. A laughing red mouth He would be covered at work in discolour dirt, and his mouth would stand out, as it was the only clean part of him.We realize the first symptoms of his illness when he used to spit smuts black but obviously, he was unaware and didnt realize the cause of his spluttering. The poet uses alliteration to describe the young collier suffering, the hard constant s conveys the way the sound the man made and it stands out.In the second verse, the man continues telling us about the disease he suffers from and points out the fact that he accepts it and he bravely admits he will die with it. The poet cleverly uses the line its had forty years in me now which follows the line I had thirty years in it. This shows that he is quite old, because he retired ten years ago. The disease isnt only affecting his inside his illness is visible want my blued scars. The scars are a part of him that wont go away, he can not erase them.T he sufferer tells us how he gets by from day to day and how things have changed since hes been ill in the ordinal verse. There are a few pauses in the third stanza which conveys the shortness of breath the man has. One step at a time especially the stairs. It is quite jerky, as I can imagine his breathing and talking would be like.He then goes on to talk about his past and his experiences. His own brother also died of Pneumoconiosis, so he knows what he is facing. He explains that he saw his brothers cash in ones chips moment, which I think is very emotional. Although he seems calm, he must be quite frightened that he will be going through the same thing. He doesnt want to let the image of his brother that will always be with him scare him. The description the poet uses about the brothers lastly moment are very good, and give us a glorious image of how much he struggled worse than a hooked carp drowning in the air.The last three lines of the poem are very emotional and sad, he emphasises his slow walk and the occasional cough he lets out involuntary by telling people to know him as that man. This shows that the illness has established him so much, he is different to a lot people when he used to be as healthy as the rest. After reading the poem, I admire the character in the poem because he can handle and accept his death, rather than complain and give up all hope. He is try to lead his life as normal as possible and trying not to make the last of his life a misery which I respect.Another poem I studied was He loved light, freedom and animals. Mike Jenkins writes as if he is the father and he reminisces and remembers happy memories he shared with his countersign. He doesnt believe that his son is dead and in his mind the boy is still as jovial as ever.The disaster of Aberfan happened on the 21st of October in 1966. The slagheap was balancing on a mountain commanding the small village. The flood of waste had slipped and rushed down the mountain shatte ring homes, farms and the village school, which killed 116 young villagers. Critics give tongue to that the disaster should never had happened and young, innocent peoples lives such as the character in the poems son shouldnt have been lost.The poem contains many good descriptions that create strong images of both the child and the slag heap. This creates a good balance of positive and negative emotion in the poem. The images of the slagheap and the child are a complete contrast to one another the descriptions of the boy are happy and beautiful foe framework his eyes gleamed as gorse-flowers do now whereas the slagheap is described by the use of dark, depressing phrases such as tumour on the hillside burst and the black blood coal. The unpleasant phrase of the tumour evolution on the cover version of the mountain reminds us of illness and gives us the thought people would want to nonplus as far away from it as possible. But tumours can be detected and defused, like the slagheap, it could have been manually moved but nobody had thought of the consequences until it was too late.The poet refers to the characters son throughout the poem, almost in every stanza which I believe makes the poem very interesting. It also shows that he will always think of his son, and will not give up the happy thoughts. He remembers the things he used to do when he was happiest. His son would be in the classroom waving an answer like a greeting. This emphasises how very enthusiastic and eager the boy was and obviously he was a pupil who enjoyed school, but it was there where he had died.When the poor boy was pulled out, the poet writes that his son must have been like a child collier, dragged out of one of Butes mines. A child collier would have been in a very dangerous job, and lots lost their lives. They would come out of the mines hurt and covered in black dust but his son wasnt a collier, he was at school. School is meant to be a safe place, but not for the pupils on the day of the disaster.A good example of a simile in the poem is the one about the son and his mother shown in the last stanza. Ears attuned as a ewes in lambing. The connection the boy had with his mother was like no other, his mother can still hear his laugh and like and ewe and a lamb, she was attuned to her son. This is a good way of showing that they were close, and his mother is lost without him. She will always understand his laugh, and can still hear it clearly in her head. The parents of the boy will always remember him as they last seen him, young, healthy and happy. They will be hearing his laughs springing down the slopes for a long time.Mike Jenkins uses prosopopoeia in his poem to make it more alive and colourful. An example of him using personification is shown in the fourth verse, he creates a character out of the slagheap when the poet describes it s if it has a greedy belly that ate up all the children and villagers.The tone of the poem is conversational, the father t ells us as the reader about his son, and about his sons death. Its a dramatic poem, and is very emotional. Both negative and Positive feelings are shown in the poem. Although the theme of the poem is sad, the lines about the boy are happy they are lines that bring a grimace to the readers faces. In a way this makes us feel even sorrier for the father and makes it more emotional.The lines about the slag heap are bitter, expressing the fathers feelings towards it. In my opinion, the fact that the poem begins with a line about the grave No grave can contain him and then ends with a line about the grave I try to foster the inscription, away from its stubborn stone is clever. It emphasizes the fact that he is in his grave and will not do the things that were mentioned in the middle of the poem, he will not be climbing a tree again or calling out names.I in the flesh(predicate)ly enjoyed reading this poem because I felt I could relate to the father, as it was from a personal point of vi ew and can relate to the loss of someone special. It was very emotional and made me understand for the mother and father. It was unfair for the innocent, fragile boy to die in such a horrific accident and it made me angry that people had not thought of the consequences they were facing by putting the slagheap on top of the mountain.Both poems are very successful in creating sad emotions, and also anger and frustration. In He loved Light, Freedom and Animals, anger is created because the boy and his classmates were so young when they died, and they didnt deserve to have their lives interpreted away. In Pneumoconiosis, anger is created because the old man had been affected by the dust silently, and is expecting his death. This is very frustrating, as there is nothing we as the reader can do to change what has happened and what is going to happen.In my opinion, He love Light, Freedom, and Animals made the biggest impact to my emotions. As the child was only young, it is easy to relat e to, and it makes the reader realize that life can be cut so short, although Pneumoconiosis is also very emotional, as the reader acknowledges the long term effects miners suffer. He has been, and is still fighting bravely but he knows he cant hold on forever.

Raw rubber from Malaysia is delivered to the factory in ‘bales’

During the time the appearance squash balls manufactu blushful has developed into a highly sophisticated process. Here is investigated how balls are made. To begin with, stinging rubber from Malaysia is delivered to the factory in bales of about 25kg sufficient to make about 1,200 balls. In its natural subject rubber is very stiff and difficult to work, so it is first masticated to a softer consistency.A variety of natural and synthetic substance materials and powders are then mixed with the rubber to give it the required combination of strength, resiliency, and colour as considerably as to enable it to cure (or vulcanise) later in the process. The manufacturers recipe is a no less closely guarded secret than that of Coca Cola, and different combinations of ingredients (as many as 15 are used, including polymers, fillers, vulcanising agents, processing aids, and reinforcing materials) produce fast ( game dot), medium (red dot), slow (white dot), and super slow ( icteric dot) b alls.The current WSF stipulation for the Standard Yellow Dot Championship Squash Ball determines the permitted diameter, load, stiffness, seam strength and tease resilience of the championship ball. No specifications are set for other types of ball, which may be used by players of great of lesser ability or in court conditions which are hotter or colder than those used to determine the yellow dot specification. (http//www. squashplayer. co. uk) Thus, we dont have any exact data (parameters) for red and blue balls.We only can use data available for yellow ball and modify the possible parameters that red and blue balls may have. Out of all specifications of a ball we are interested in its weight and ricochet resilience. Rebound resilience is a measurement of the height a ball bounces off a hard surface. The data given in the table above mean that if unrivalled drops ball from a height of 100 centimetres (1 meter) onto a concrete floor then at 23oC the yellow balls must recoil at 12 centimetres at 45oC between 26 and 33 centimetres.At 23oC the red ball must taunts at 15 centimetres at 45oC between 33 and 36 centimetres. At 23oC the blue ball must rebound at 17 centimetres at 45oC between 36 and 38 centimetres. For our study we will take that if one drops ball from a height of 1 meter, then at 23oC the red ball must rebound at 15 centimeters at 45oC at 34. 5 centimeters. at 23oC the blue ball must rebound at 17 centimeters at 45oC at 37 centimeters.

Operations Performance Objectives

1. OPERATIONS PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES In accordance with Slack, Chambers and Johnston, surgical process objectives is a generic set of performance and indicators that can be used to set the objectives or judge the performance of either type of operation. In this context, there atomic number 18 five key most objectives that can or go away be used to help improve the operations of a military service industry (Dental health charge as stated earlier). a)Quality Quality can be defined in so many ways.In simpler terms we will describe it as the element in a product that rises above the former(a) and is able to satisfy the needs/specifications of a consumer and has some high value attached to it. Quality in operations performance objectives for a dental health care ensures that most appropriate treatment is delivered and that customers are all treated with courtesy (getting value for their money). This entails doing the right thing at the right snip and clash customer specifications , which leaves them satisfied. b)Speed Speed is defined as the elapsed time between customers placing orders and the goods/services being delivered to them.With speed, it way that the delivery of the service required is make within the shortest possible time. For example the time it takes for the dentist to block out the teeth of the patient to the time he gives an answer of what his findings are should be reduced and acceptable to the customer. In turn, this reduces likeliness of lagging behind and not being able to finish attending to all the patients in time. It does impact positively on the improvement of operations when time is highly considered. As the cliche goes, time is money and time wasted is never gained, so use it wisely. )Dependability Dependability is the delivery or making available of goods/services when they were promised to customers. It can also be defined as staying true to ones word and trustworthiness. In this context it would mean avoiding cancellations o f appointments with customers. It really pays highly to an organization for customers to know that they can appear on the services provided to them at that particular organization. It helps in creating rapport with the customers, hence allowing for them to even encourage other people to come and seek for services from you. d)FlexibilityThis is the degree to which an operations process can change what it does, how it is done and when it is done. When somethings flexible, it simply means that there is room for change or adjustments. In this case, it means that the service industry (dental health care) should be ready to introduce new treatments and/or have many more(prenominal) treatment to match up to the customers ever changing and varying demands. This helps the industry to expand. e)Cost Cost can be defined as the monetary value attached to the services/goods provided and also attached to the production or offering of that good/service.Cost helps to identify how operation scan b e run at a more affordable price right for the marketplace the industry operates in and be able to grasp good profit margins. To the producer or service provider, the cut back the cost of production the means lower the prices for the customers, which means more savings. In conclusion, performance objectives are the key to unlocking any communications or performance initiative. The answer is the foundation and structure of your work on any project the performance objective. Document selective information Design Inc. 2004.

What does Eliza consider to be her real education

The runaway is an adaptation of the Greek myth of Pygmalion who take flight in love with a statue as it was more square in the understanding of its own committal to writing than the actual women he had observed and grown despondent to. It is a work that closely follows the relationship between society and linguistics, wherein the women is real, exclusively has yet to have her manners sculptured. In particular, it highlights the role of dominion and articulation in relation to identities, depicting this through the subject of Eliza.In this paper the author will be addressing the subject of the short-change and its central character, whilst examining the effects that learning the speech of, what was considered, correct English had on her. Main Body When archetypical completing the text, it is clear that there is an irony in the play that brings forth the now famed sociable and political points to the surface. However, one may be forgiven for considering these points relevant in todays society, though in a more fractured sense. This is because they relate to speech and run-in use in relation to friendly standing.// Although social standing in todays liberal society is becoming an ever more unneeded concept, using someones speech as an indication of someones identity is smooth in evidence. This notion is apparent in the main plot line in which Eliza be be intimates entrapped to the perspective of a natural language system. When adopting the role of the accoster, Eliza adopts a slowly differing identity that emerges with child like astonishment beforehand she changes into what is essentially a different person. It does not continue to be a liberating and learning experience.Rather, the liberation of a woman hiding behind the veil of civility in a bid to expose it, perchance showing the power of the human spirit over class in the process, is lost. That is to say, that on speaking the language through the conventions of class Eliza loses sight of the world through her former eyes and comes to view it through her new language that cannot be escaped. Essentially, it is through this change in persona that the play delivers its moral warning and trip implication in that the core of the human creation cannot escape from the language that it uses to identify itself with.The language and convention use by those of high society is responsible for each of their perspectives and it is not the person or messs speaking the language. Essentially, if you are to change the persons language, language use and perspective thusly they themselves will come to define themselves and their being according to the structural meaning inherent to the language that is used by that society. This is indicated throughout Elizas discussions and becomes the main rationale for all that she does.For example, in one part of the play she states that you know I cant go back to the gutter, as you call it, and that I have no real friends in the world but you and t he Colonel (Shaw, 1998). This short extract shows the great division based upon the language being used and the fact that it is represented by a social reality, in this case being social standing. What is interesting about the use of language in relation to others is the way in which Eliza is accepted and jilted at different times during the play.For example, it first appears that Eliza is rejected from society as her language does not bear on the correct social grouping, stock and/ or class. This is first justified as being because of her use of language, emphasise and the incorrect convention. However, it appears on later reading that the convention is of little consequence as she uses the same convention, but put to a different context. Rather, it is the response from others alone that make it something of note.At one point during the play she makes the self-confidence that speaking properly (meaning without a cockney accent) is barely learning to dance in a in style(predic ate) way, which accentuates this point even further. Essentially, the assertion that she puts forward here relates to the realisation of the superficiality of language in its schematic format as both languages mean exactly the same thing from a pragmatic perspective.At this stop she is learning the meaning of language and the convention of getting from one thing to another via language use. She realises that the single difference is a superficial one as the functional meaning (cause and effect) is the same whichever language is spoken. Essentially, the single different in the language is the significance of the source of referents, which dictate a different context to convention.Therefore, her resultant is that it is merely a state of fashion in which the dancer dances the same, but where one dancer adopts the trendsetting style, the other is overlooked as being able to dance (Baudrillard, 1968). This conclusion relates to the elements of high society that come with the speake rs of proper English and that are not afforded to those of a poorer language, such as cockney. Those that do not speak the language are simply those that do not speak of anything meaningful, when in reality there is simply a clash over the source of referential meaning.

History of Communication Essay

The history of communication dates back to prehistory, with significant changes in communication technologies (media and appropriate inscription tools) evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power. conference can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass communication. Human communication was revolutionized with speech slightly 100,000 years ago. Symbols were developed about 30,000 years ago, and writing in the past few centuries.Petro glyphs The next footstep in the history of communications is petroglyphs, carvings into a rock surface. It took about 20,000 years for homo sapiens to blend from the first cave paintings to the first petroglyphs, which ar dated to around 10,000BC. It is possible that the humans of that time utilize some other models of communication, often for mnemonic purposes specially arranged stones, symbols carved in wood or earth, quipu-like ropes, tattoos, solely l ittle other than the close to durable carved stones has survived to modern times and we can yet speculate about their existence based on our observation of still existing hunter-gatherer cultures such as those of Africa or Oceania.Pictograms A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol representing a concept, object, activity, place or event by illustration. Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby ideas are transmitted through drawing. Pictographs were the next step in the evolution of communication the most important difference between petroglyphs and pictograms is that petroglyphs are simply showing an event, but pictograms are telling a story about the event, thus they can for lawsuit be ordered in chronological order. Pictograms were employ by various ancient cultures all over the world since around 9000 BC, when tokens marked with simple pictures began to be used to label basic farm produce, and become increasingly popular around 6000-5000 BC. They were the basis of wedge-s haped and hieroglyphs, and began to develop into logographic writing systems around 5000 BC.Ideograms Pictograms, in turn, evolved into ideograms, graphical symbols that represent an idea. Their ancestors, the pictograms, could represent only something resembling their form therefore a pictogram of a circle could represent a sun, but not concepts like change, light, day or Great God of the Sun. Ideograms, on the other hand, could convey more abstract concepts, so that for example an ideogram of two sticks can mean not only legs but also a verb to walk.Because some ideas are universal, many different cultures developed similar ideograms. For example an eye with a tear means sadness in Native Americanideograms in California, as it does for the Aztecs, the first Chinese and the Egyptians. Ideograms were precursors of logographic writing systems such as Egyptian hieroglyphs and Chinese characters. Examples of ideographical proto-writing systems, thought not to tick off language-spec ific information, include the Vinca script (see also Trtria tablets) and the early Indus script. In both cases there are claims of decipherment of linguistic content, without wide acceptance.

Individual Reflective Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Reflective Report - Assignment ExampleAlmost everyone who leaves their homelands to pursue studies or prevail abroad experiences some amount of cultural shock. For the Chinese, this cultural shock amounts to an alarming extent since the culture of the atomic number 74 is entirely different from that of China and the Chinese people. Not only is the language entirely different, so is the port of living and customs. Most people who leave for America, UK, Australia or other western countries have to learn the position language as it the major medium of communication in almost all of these countries. For that purpose, there be many position language centers in China that cater to these people. These centers however provide little similarly English language training to these students.Due to that, even when they are considerably proficient in the English language, Chinese people still suffer difficulties once they actually arrive at their destinations. A background for th is fuss is that they are un-initiated with the ways of the western world.This business plan proposes to offer these prospective students and businessmen a way to become oriented with the culture and ways of the West so that they face less difficulty in settling in once they arrive at the country of their choosing.The English Language centers soon offering their services in the major cities of china mainly focus on offering blanket(prenominal) English language teaching. Although it is imperative that the Chinese people who are leaving for abroad learn how to transmit in English, it still does not diminish the lack of understanding that these people possess about the companionable and cultural workings of the west and how this lack of understanding effects their performance.The Le Yan English centre allow be filling in the gap in this educational sector and the whole plan is found upon the concept of providing the customers with the added advantage of acclimatization with the we stern

The topic is in details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The topic is in details - Essay ExampleDuring disputes, severally party has specific inescapably and wants. Conflict ensues because both differing parties do not agree about whose wants and needs takes precedence over the others.Negotiation strives to create an environment where prioritization of interests can be achieved. In case prioritization fails, dialogue will help conflicting parties reach an agreement through balanced compromise of their respective interests. consort to Smith (2000), such balanced compromise of interests creates fairness. However, conflicting parties whitethorn fail to agree because both sides may hold substantially different understanding and perspectives of fairness. An example of such a situation is seen in the quaint Melian-Athens conflict features in the Melian Dialogue by Thucydides.Prior to engaging in any negotiation or in understanding why two conflicting parties are engaging in a negotiation, it is catch to appraise the causative aspects of an underlying conflict. In addition, it is advisable to acknowledge the social, political and economic context in which conflicts and subsequent negotiations are taking place. Melian Dialogue by Thucydides covers events surrounding tribal conflicts in ancient Greece. notwithstanding being a single empire, Greece was divided along its ethnic lines. Buckley (2010) said that there were two major(ip) divisions, the Athenians deriving its roots from the Ionians and the Spartans from the Dorian heritage. Sparta adopted an oligarchic political structure characterized by a a few(prenominal) wealthy members of the society commanding and ruling the rest of the citizens. On the contrary, Athens was democratic and the wealthiest nation in Greece. In this case, both parties held contrary political, economic and social opinions which lead to growing tension between them.Sparta had allies, including Melos eon Athens also had its allies. Increasing tension sparked a 10-year conflict marking the fi rst phase of Peloponnesian war between Sparta and its allies

Writer's Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writers Choice - Essay ExampleThe twain rooms that houses the two art works have gone through renovation which was completed in 2010, hence the traditional auxiliary lighting has been enhanced with more advanced systems providing sufficient lighting for a decent analysis. The two paintings are embedded onto a velvet w every the depositary on to a red velvet wall and the other one on a coral colored wall.The two art works convey religious messages as both have the Biblical deliveryman Christ, the Deposition at his death and Bastianis as an infant. The two painting fosters the textual Biblical story of delivery boy through art.First, the Deposition in which the artist shows gloomy characters in the painting are eight trey males and four females, shadowed by a dark cloud hanging above them, and the body of Jesus Christ occupies the center and foreground of the painting. On the near foreground there are human skulls and bones, and on the extreme background there is a clear sky over looking certain vegetation and buildings, maybe conveying the existence of a city far from the point of crucifixion. The second painting is livid with characters with the third magi on the fore ground, together with Mary the Virgin and Baby, to the left of Mary there are a male character and female character peeping to the conservations being held by the four. On the middle ground, there is a donkey and girl who seem to be putting on a rather pre modern attire. On the background toward the horizon, there are men on horses and buildings. The painting seems to have been captured in a edible bean like window common in churches.On the Deposition, the characters show real human emotions as all show deep grief on the death of Jesus Christ, particularly the holy virgin and apotheosis John are depicted in tearful pose. The magi and the mother and child are perhaps the way of the artist and the painting. The

Apartment Building Structures in nineteenth and twentieth centuries Research Paper

Apartment Building Structures in nineteenth and twentieth centuries - Research Paper Examplefacial expression at different examples shows the portrayal of various concepts and how apartment buildings provided a different approach to urban suppuration. The outset architectural concept which was created for those looking at newer structures for apartment buildings was from Ludwig Mies der Rohe, which created the Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago, Illinois (see Appendix A). The domicile addresses were considered luxury apartments at the time. The concept was to create lofty lifts that were available for living instead of smaller structures with housing. The principal(prenominal) concept that was used by Mies was to have structural clarity with the buildings by creating repetitive frameworks with the windows and the contemporary columns at the bottom of the structure. Open windows and frames by means of the high rise were the main ideology. The approach was to save on plaz a for practical development in urban spaces while making each(prenominal) space feel comparable a home instead of an apartment with the use of the open windows and beams that created the open framework in each room. The production combined with the Bauhaus movement from Germany and World War II trends. This was based on practicality and repetition through the squargon framework. This was combined with the high end technology by creating the high rise for modernism which could be used with the structure1. A second structure that was able to redefine the concepts of the nineteenth and twentieth deoxycytidine monophosphate was from the portentous Apartments, built in New York from 1930 31 by Jacques Delamarre (see Appendix B). This structure took a akin(predicate) coordinate to the Chicago apartments with the high rise and practicality of each of the levels. The urban planning was based on offering high rises instead of expanding with land, specifically to fit a higher popula tion into the area. This was combined with the idea of art deco for a different design. The outer area is made of light brown brick and limestone. The unique pattern is furthered with glazed corners for the heyday of the apartment to create a combination of artistic looks with the practical options of the apartment high rises. The changes which occurred with urban development then combined the concept of practical and comfortable living with saving development space. This was furthered with the art deco style to create urban planning as an accent with the arts that were developed2. The importance of this building for the twentieth century was based on combining traditional art approaches with the changes in urban development. The infrastructure looked at the practicality o the buildings first. However, the art deco added into the landscape of the metropolis for development that was based on creating a culture within the city through the artwork that was developed with the architec tural pieces. The third apartment building structure which created a similar response to the time frame was the Auguste perret Apartments in Franklin, Paris, completed in 1902 (see Appendix C). The concept of practicality with the high rise is one which is seen in these particular buildings, similar to the others. The urban planning was then based on ontogenesis more space for more individuals. The concept is furthered with the infrastructure that is developed with ornamented areas, balconies in the front and open areas with the windows that are displayed. This particular ideology was one which linked to the culture, specifically in creating the understanding of

Review of Pollock (2000) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review of pollack (2000) - Essay Example date Ed Harris has explored the personal life of Pollock, he has also satisfied the ocular appetite of the viewer by choreographing scenes where Pollock stands in the midst of paints as colors drip down from paintings. These scenes often work as a contrast to the rest of the film since it is here that the movie picks up the pace and often gives the come up of an action film. In this way, the movie satisfies that viewers preconceived notions of artists and their dedication towards art. Even though most of the movie is rather tragic but it does not damper the spirit of the viewers towards art. Rather the movie shows art as something that is capable to break boundaries despite obvious shortcomings. As a biography, the film has perhaps not been able to fully cover the major events of Pollocks life. Even though the movie introduces characters like Clement Greenberg, it is often not accurate. For instance, the movie makes a reference to Pollocks drip painting technique. The movie shows that the technique of drip painting was minutely discovered by Pollock when he dripped paint on the floor. However, none of the biographies written on Pollock give reference to just an incident. Overall the movie is a good watch. For viewers who want to plus insight on the life of an artist like Pollock, the movie is greatly recommended. The movie is also recommended for those who coveting to understand life from the perspective of an artist. It is not an authentic source of information but offers a visual treat to the viewers.

MEDIA STUDIES (assignment relates to the concept of media ownership) Essay

MEDIA STUDIES (assignment relates to the concept of media ownership) - Essay ExampleLastly, a comment shall be raddled on the research.The Walt Disney Company is a media related troupe that shares many other interests. The company has got subsidiaries and affiliate companies. The celestial sphere of the business is, however, solely focused on entertainment. The company focuses on four segments. These three core segments imply media interests, consumer products and studio entertainment. The fourth segment is not media related because it wanders into the hotel industry. This segment concerns resorts and parks (The Walt Disney Company 2012).Disney studios focus on family entertainment. This is the foundation that has marketed and propelled the Disney Company. It focuses on animated films and pictures (Manheim 2002, p.143). These pictures are sometimes adapted into magazine entertainment pictures and conversation (Griffin 2000, p.6). The exploit pictures employ exceptional storytelli ng that creates interests for new releases. Walt Disney has three worldwide acclaimed animated films. They comprise Mickey Mouse, the Seven Dwarfs and the snowfall White. The Disney studios engage several distributional channels to ease the distribution of these products. The main distribution channel is Walt Disney Pictures that in addition divides its role for subsidiary groups. These comprise animation studios like Pixar, Disney Toon and Walt Disney. The Disney Toon consists of Touchstone and Hollywood pictures. The Disney Company became the parent company of Pixar when it bought it through stock exchange system. Walt Disney Pictures is the international distribution avenue for the company. The home entertainment focuses on sell rental movies to family oriented markets worldwide. Lastly, there is the Disney theatre distribution avenue that focuses on live entertainment. They are the directors of musicals such as Disney live entertainment and the Disney Ice. Disney music group is concerned with the distribution of soundtracks and original music beneath

Emanuel Medical Center Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emanuel Medical Center - Case take aim ExampleWhile this was a public relations problem in the short term, the issue pointed egress the larger systemic problems that exist at EMC. The ED has increasingly become a cost center, and lag morale and quality of make out is reflected in this dilemma.The Emergency Medical Treatment and passageive Labor Act (EMTALA) of 1986 mandated that emergency rooms must treat all patients, without regards to their ability to pay. This legislation took effect at the similar time that the numbers of under and uninsurable people in California began to escalate. Lacking primary care physicians, the uninsured call for made the ED the primary clinic for their health care. This pull ahead exacerbated EMCs financial position from 2 aspects. First uninsured people were using the most expensive delivery system available, which overloaded the mental object of the ED. Second people were waiting until their condition was chronic or terminal before seeking treatment, which further drove up costs. The outdated ED was operating well in excess of capacity, which put an redundant strain on nurse availability, response time, and specialty services. With half of the patients that were admitted through the ED either uninsured or underinsured through Medi-Cal, Moens challenge was to find areas that could compensate for the large losses incurred by the ED.With all of health care experiencing declining reimbursements and increasing expenses, it has been a difficult task to find areas of profitability. EMC expenses have outpaced revenue growth in the period of 1997-2002. Wages and salaries, the largest single expense, grew by 28 percent during this period, while revenues increased by hardly 23 percent. The nursing shortage has contributed to the problem, as it has forced EMC to hire temporary nurses, and reduce the number of beds available, which have both negatively impacted the bottom line. During this same era, reimbursements from Medi-car e, Medi-Cal, and HMOs were declining. An experiment with capitation in the late 1990s did not prove successful, and the hope of vertical integration became an insurmountable expense.Area competition has also put contract on EMC. Specialties and high-tech procedures are largely not available at EMC, and this business goes to the competition. The financial creation of EMC operating at a loss for the past several years has made capital investment in new equipment and technology out of reach of financing. In addition, closures and consolidations have increased the hostility of the outer operating environment. All of these factors increasing expenses, reduced reimbursement, competition, and escalating salaries have all combined to form the perfect storm. The notwithstanding bright spot on the balance sheet has been the investments that EMC made in the 1990s, which managed to keep them operating into the twenty-first century. In fact, without these investments the financial solvency of EMC would be in doubt. In addition, EMC enjoys a significant amount of community support, and has crisply sought community involvement through a matching grant from the Mary Stuart Rogers Foundation. Moens greatest operational challenge will be to reduce operating expenses, and increase patient revenue within the realities of their watercourse financial situation.2.) There are numerous strategic options available to Robert Moen, though they all have a large degree of uncertainty in regards to their financial

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Marxist approach to the Essay

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Marxist approach to the study of history - Essay ensampleThis created an idea which precluded the relevance of morality, created an inherent contradiction in history, and failed to answer the lasting question of gayity wherefore does the world operate in the small-armner in which it does? However, this theory also holds an underlying hope for a utopian, egalitarian society which allows all to live in comfort and safety. The exploration of this theory has lasted throughout decades as the human search for the order of the universe continues. What is Historical materialism? The basic premise is that we as human beings must labor in order to obtain daily necessities, food, shelter, and clothing. These are undeniable facts of life, Marx proclaims, and when the admission is make that this is true the entire idea of the way we live is turned around. G.A. Cohen in his bear, Karl Marxs Theory of explanation, maintained that the heart of histor ical materialism is the nonion that through the process of history there is a tendency towards growth of human productive power. (Cohen, 1978, p 364). Societies and economic structures, said Cohen of the theories premise, rise and fall depending upon their promotion or impediment of that growth (1978). Marx believed, as evidenced in the infamous 1859 Preface to his book A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy that mans consciousness is dependent upon social productions. These societal productions are dependent upon the modes of production said Marx. The modes of production form the societal structures which are the ways in which all structures, political and economic, are formed. From the arising of these societal and class structures comes dissatisfaction and the era of social revolution, according to G.A. Cohen in his book Karl Marxs Theory of History (1978, p. 364-365). Marx followers, in this manner, seek to disrupt the way in which the common man views change. C hange, according to the theory does not arise because of a new consciousness but instead societal structures and the natural shift or, change, over time causes the new consciousness, and thus, societal upheavala revolution. In Cohens interpretation of the Marx Theory of History a picture is painted of the image of a circular pattern which governs the process of history. In the first stage, production is not powerful enough to produce a surplus, thus there is no basis by which a class system could be formed. thither is a classless society, not, according to the theory, because there is some underlying vision of social justice, but because the grant circumstances dictate primitive egalitarianism (Cohen, 1978, 364-65). In the second stage, productive power becomes such that there is enough surplus to create an exploiting class, but not enough for capitalist accumulation. Producers are not in contractual relationships but instead are submitted to slavery. In the third stage of the cyc le, a vainglorious surplus occurs and a society turns to capitalism. However, the surplus will continue, according to the theory, until capitalism becomes unsustainable and a non-primitive communism emerges, the fresh classless society. This said Cohen is the story of humankind in my reading of the doctrine (Cohen, 1978, p. 364-365) Weaknesses of Historical Materialism This theory, and the implications which it bears, has certain weakness when examined. First,